Dla Polaków liczy sie marka, badanie TNS OBOP Opcje

[multifakt]

Wg badań TNS OBOP Polacy, kupując samochód, kierują się głównie marką pojazdu.

Co dziewiąty dorosły Polak (11%) planuje w tym roku zakup samochodu dla siebie lub swojego gospodarstwa domowego. Najważniejszym aspektem branym pod uwagę przy wyborze auta jest jego marka (37% wskazań) - jej postrzeganie, zaufanie, czy przekonanie o jej wysokiej renomie.

Na kolejnych miejscach znajdują się niezawodność (36%), cena (36%), ekonomiczność (33%) i dobra opinia (31%). Bezpieczeństwo i wygląd na pierwszym miejscu postawiło jedynie 18% ankietowanych (dane TNS OBOP).

Źródło: TNS OBOP

[lmaomao]

The Einstein of the fish world may be the nine-spined stickleback, suggests new research that determined this common European fish possesses an unusually sophisticated capacity for learning not yet documented in any other animal, aside from humans.
The unassuming, small-headed fish proves tiny brains can yield "surprising cognitive abilities," according to project leader Jeremy Kendal, whose team discovered the stickleback can compare the behavior of other fish with its own experiences in order to make better choices.
This learning method, known as "hill-climbing," is necessary for cumulative culture and was thought to be unique to humans.
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"Cases such as nut-cracking in chimpanzees, or tool use in New Caledonian crows, are potentially consistent with such a strategy, but the strategy has yet to be shown unambiguously (in these other animals)," Kendal, a Durham University anthropologist, told Discovery News.
For the study, published in the journal Behavioral Ecology, he and his colleagues caught 270 nine-spined sticklebacks in Leicester, England. The fish were organized into experimental groups. These fish groups then took turns as either free swimmers in a tank with worm-yielding feeders at the end, or as "learners" in a transparent, partitioned-off area of the specially designed tank.
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One of the two feeders released more worms than the other. The fish quickly gravitated to this "rich feeder." When these fish then went into the observation semi-circle portion of the tank, the researchers swapped the feeders. The new free swimmers, as before, made a beeline for the feeder with a more plentiful worm reward.
When the observation fish group was released back into the part of the tank with the feeders, 75 percent were "clever" enough to know from watching the other sticklebacks that the feeders had been switched, so they didn't just rely upon their own experience with the feeders.
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Additional research conducted by the same team of scientists found that the likelihood of copying the behavior of another increased with the rate at which this other individual fed. The fish aren't therefore just mindlessly copying each other. They are instead "being selective about when and who they copy."
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Kendal thinks the nine-spined stickleback might have been "forced to learn" this rather complex strategy because the species is scrawnier than many other fish, with an anatomy that doesn't offer significant protection from predators. Instead of risking being eaten while searching for food, it benefits the fish to find out exactly where the best sources are at ahead of time and to go directly to them.
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"It is possible that, rather than evolve to become more sturdy, it is less costly for the nine-spines to evolve the capacity to exploit foraging information provided by observing others," he explained, mentioning that tougher three-spined sticklebacks don't seem to have such a brainy solution to foraging challenges.
Culum Brown, a University of Edinburgh researcher and editor of the book "Fish Cognition and Behavior," told Discovery News, the study "shows that fishes are using a mixture of their own knowledge and weighing it up against cultural information."
"In many ways," Brown said, "fish are just as smart as other animals."
While fish seem to exhibit frequent flashes of mental brilliance, the stickleback's hill-climbing strategy has yet to result in more human-like, high-tech capabilities, probably because fish habitats are so unstable.
"A massive constraint for the fish is that the environment can change rapidly, so information about a good foraging site can become redundant after a short time," Kendal said. "This resets the cumulative process and the fish have to start again acquiring new information."
"This means we might not expect any spectacular cumulative cultural evolution like seen in humans," he said, "but watch this space. We know so little and are constantly surprised about what they can do!"

[abwenzi]

When scientists scan the global horizon, over-fishing, loss of species habitat, water shortage, climate change, and invasive species seem to be the biggest threats to the Earth.
What will our world be like in 2050?
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Population decrease and increase There are two features in the growth of world population. First, the annual increase in population in 15 European countries, in the past few years, has been only 300,000. The United Nations maple story mesos estimates that by 2050, the population of European countries will decrease from the current 0.72 billion to 0.63 billion. Second, the population in developing countries is growing rapidly. Over the past 50 years, the rate wow gold of increase in population has been fastest in the least developed countries. By 2050, the population of Africa is expected to reach 1.8 billion, 0.9 billion more than its current population.
Global warming A recent research report indicates that it is quite possible that the Earth’s temperature is rising well above the previous estimate. Such an result would have severe consequences. wow gold
A research team from the University of Colorado used satellite data to estimate that the ice sheet will lose up to 48 cubic miles by 2050. In comparison, a city with the size of Los Angeles uses one cubic mile of fresh water every year. Ice shelves in the Antarctic will have decreased by more than 7,200 square miles in the next four decades.
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Water shortage Africa’s rivers face dramatic change that will leave a quarter of the continent severely short of water by the middle of the century.
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“In those areas where there is already a water shortage, it’s going to have a devastating effect,” the study says. “If you’re already walking 5 km to the nearest stream to get water, by 2050, it’s going to mean walking 30 km or moving your whole household closer to the water source.”

Four wheels good, four wheels bad The car has transformed the lives of people, but the planet is paying too high a price. Today there are 620 million private cars worldwide, to say nothing of buses, vans and lorries. With current growth trends, that number is expected to reach a staggering three billion cars worldwide by 2050.

If we continue to burn fossil fuels at current rates, levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will reach 550 ppm (parts per million) by around 2050. This will increase global temperatures between 1.4 and 4.8 by 2050, and sea levels will rise between 0.09 and 0.78 meters.

[abwenzi]

When scientists scan the global horizon, over-fishing, loss of species habitat, water shortage, climate change, and invasive species seem to be the biggest threats to the Earth.
What will our world be like in 2050?
ffxi gil
Population decrease and increase There are two features in the growth of world population. First, the annual increase in population in 15 European countries, in the past few years, has been only 300,000. The United Nations maple story mesos estimates that by 2050, the population of European countries will decrease from the current 0.72 billion to 0.63 billion. Second, the population in developing countries is growing rapidly. Over the past 50 years, the rate wow gold of increase in population has been fastest in the least developed countries. By 2050, the population of Africa is expected to reach 1.8 billion, 0.9 billion more than its current population.
Global warming A recent research report indicates that it is quite possible that the Earth’s temperature is rising well above the previous estimate. Such an result would have severe consequences. wow gold
A research team from the University of Colorado used satellite data to estimate that the ice sheet will lose up to 48 cubic miles by 2050. In comparison, a city with the size of Los Angeles uses one cubic mile of fresh water every year. Ice shelves in the Antarctic will have decreased by more than 7,200 square miles in the next four decades.
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Water shortage Africa’s rivers face dramatic change that will leave a quarter of the continent severely short of water by the middle of the century.
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“In those areas where there is already a water shortage, it’s going to have a devastating effect,” the study says. “If you’re already walking 5 km to the nearest stream to get water, by 2050, it’s going to mean walking 30 km or moving your whole household closer to the water source.”

Four wheels good, four wheels bad The car has transformed the lives of people, but the planet is paying too high a price. Today there are 620 million private cars worldwide, to say nothing of buses, vans and lorries. With current growth trends, that number is expected to reach a staggering three billion cars worldwide by 2050.

If we continue to burn fossil fuels at current rates, levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will reach 550 ppm (parts per million) by around 2050. This will increase global temperatures between 1.4 and 4.8 by 2050, and sea levels will rise between 0.09 and 0.78 meters.

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[ginny]

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Jakieś dziwne te badania: z jednej strony zaufanie do marki, z drugiej "dobra opinia", "niezawodność". Jak na moje oko, to "dobra opinia" i przekonanie o "niezawodności" to właśnie element "zaufania do marki"...